Certainly the ground of Siliana has not developed that temporally continuous territorial identity Despite our historical roots of the large part of researching support space, the construction process of this region appears intermittent: from “Zamaregia” to the Roman, plus Byzantine and finally Hafsid Arab adopting the name of Ziriya. It is geographically an area of fundamental separation between the steppe regions of central Tunisia and the fertile lands of the north. What is the meaning of accumulation of denominations in the sandstone of these temporal discontinuities? If we concede, no doubt, that this is due to the difficulty of the emergence of a coherent territorial entity – what is the role of the historical actors of the territory? how have the structural elements of the territory (population / land and its economies / activities) represented decisive factors in the identity transformations of the space ? “Water – Land – Activities” triptych have always represented the elements of territorial formation in its identity and its symbolic dimensions, but the weakness of its systemic interaction made the entire-region live into the orbit of other regions and resources. the sustainability and the multiplicity of water organizations, in addition to the deepening of agricultural activities, have supported the intervention of the State in its various institutions with the aim of preserving water facilities and thus activating development paths in line with the national strategy for mobilizing water surpluses and food security. Rural and regional have established a network of relationships and strategies between territorial actors with unequal balances and cross-cutting issues that have affected the water reserve and deeply exhausted its capacities. This process has seriously raised the question of water governance, social inequalities and the state of poverty within the region of Siliana, as well as the changes induced by the intervention of public authorities.